There are two calendars commonly in use in the world of Memorium Tempestatis. The Orienite calendar is the most common, used in all lands allied with either the Orienite or the Vesperan Church. This calendar dates from the first convening of the widespread independent entities that paid tribute to the god Orien, leading to the formation of the modern Orienite church. In Castana and other Lumite lands, one encounters the Lumite calendar, which dates from the moment of the prophet Lumah's final enlightenment and ascension into the sky. The current Orienite year is 1189, while the Lumite year is 437. Below are significant dates in the history of the Memorium world, and when they occurred on both calendars.

(Dates BCE are prior to either calendar, OY is Orienite Year, LY is Lumite Year)

217 BCE: Crowning of Cavanus, first Emperor of Lymphia, which will come to be known in modern times as the Eastern Vicenan Empire.

140 BCE: The first tribes of people who will become the bulk of the Kuredin nation begin to arrive from the east, settling in the shadow of Mount Ninsar.

63 BCE: The city of Egish-Nugal is established on the shore of the Aba al-Mun, eventually to become the capital and largest city in Kuredin.

58 BCE: Flavius II, Emperor of Lymphia, converts from the traditional polytheistic faith of Lymphia to the Orienite faith and begins the process of converting his empire to the same.

32 BCE: After fierce competition Malik ibn Zahyr and his tribe becomes the first leader to establish a court in Egish-Nugal, though not without difficulty. His claim is continually challenged through his short reign.

26 BCE: Malik ibn Zahyr and his entire family are massacred, leaving the new throne of Egish-Nugal open. Mutawakkil ibn Mutawakkil takes the throne for himself and begins the groundwork for establishing Kuredin as a Sultanate.

21 BCE: The Lymphian Empire begins to explore the lands that are present-day Avanne and Vicena.

10 BCE: While much of the Lymphian Empire has been nominally converted to the Orienite faith, there are a number of different -- and sometimes warring -- sects that have cropped up. Civil war in the capital province of Lymphia breaks out, and the troops in present-day Avanne and Vicena are recalled home.

7 BCE: With ibn Mutawakkil's death his eldest son, Nas'ud ibn Mutawakkil takes the throne and proclaims himself the first Sultan of Kuredin, continuing the work of his father.

1 OY: Flavius III, newly-crowned Emperor and son of Flavius II, declares victory in the civil war, bringing the leadership of the three primary divisions of the Orienite faith to Lymphia, where he names his cousin Antius the first Praelocutor of the Orienite Church. In his first act as Praelocutor, Antius has the leaders of the opposing sects summarily executed. Their underlings become the first Primates of the church, though at this time they remain in Lymphia, where the church is first based.

10 OY: Flavius III begins a major campaign of expansion, now that the civil war has come to an end.

19 OY: The Empire adds present-day Vicena to its lands, though they suffer major defeats as they attempt to expand into present-day Avanne.

22 OY: The Lymphian Empire conquers the holy island, where it is believed mankind was created out of the soil by Orien and Uxa/Occasa. At the command of Praelocutor Antius, now of an advanced age, a city is constructed that will become the home of the Orienite Church. Antius will never see the completion of the holy city.

107 OY: Present-day Avanne is assimilated as a province of the Lymphian Empire. The Orienite Church begins its policy of placing a Primate in each major province. In Lymphia, the Vesperan heresy begins to gain favor among the commonfolk.

109 OY: The Praelocutor, a Vicenan named Caroccio, is cast down for his failure to contain the growing heresy in Lymphia. His successor immediately sends the Hastati to Lymphia to root out the heretics. The heresy, however, is not completely destroyed, and will continue to be an annoyance to the Orienite Church for years to come.

120 OY: Further Kuredin expansion west by the order of the Sultan Abdullah ibn Hariq is stalled by the discovery of the fierce warriors that live in tribes in the Kuredin desert. The ill-prepared Kuredin are easily pushed back east. Battles between the Kuredin and the desert tribes continue on and off for the nest hundred years.

220 OY: The Kuredin defeat the desert tribes for the first time, earning their respect enough to be allowed to continue expanding in the west, but only as long as they leave the desert to the tribes. Small groups of colonists begin making their way west to establish the first cities of the Kuredin west.

237 OY: Continued attacks by the desert tribes against Kuredin colonists living on the border of the desert cause the Kuredin to abandon their first colonies and continue moving westward, toward the mountains. This leads to the settlement of Nin-Agal in the southwest.

295 OY: As Nin-Agal grows into a substantial settlement, expansion continues to the north and west, eventually leading to the settlement of Apsu-Gar on the western coast.

322 OY: The barbarian hordes to the north and east of Lymphia begin attacking the borders of the Empire with greater frequency. At this time, they are mostly a minor annoyance and are put down with relative ease.

344 OY: Apsu-Gar flourishes and sea trade between it and the new city of Na-Garu allow the northwestern city to grow quickly. Apsu-Gar soon establishes sea-trade with Nin-Agal as well, strengthening the much-needed bond between the western colonies.

386 OY: The northeastern provinces of the Empire fall under the control of the barbarians, though their advance is halted well before they reach Lymphia.

427 OY: As the continuing wars against the barbarian hordes take a heavy toll on the armies of the Empire, mercenaries from Avanne and Castana are brought to Lymphia to protect the imperial capital. The lost provinces are retaken mostly with the help of the Castanan mercenaries and the barbarians are cast out. Castana becomes a province of the Empire, as "payment" for their services, allowed a limited amount of self-rule.

440 OY: Having encountered the Vesperan heresy during their time in the east, Castanan leaders welcome a number of the remaining Vesperan leaders as they flee the established Empire for a possibly more tolerant land.

448 OY: Barbarian pressures rise again in the eastern Empire, and their attention is turned once again to fighting off this threat rather than stamping out the growth of the Vesperan faith in Castana.

477 OY: As the Castanan and Avannais people demand greater concessions from the Empire, the barbarians advance once again through the war-torn northern and eastern provinces of the Empire, threatening Lymphia itself. The Emperor flees the city, journeying to the provincial capital of Vicena.

502 OY: The Castanan mercenaries leave the eastern front and return home as Castana demands independence from the Empire. Unable to fight two wars, the Empire agrees in principle to allow Castanan independence.

505 OY: The imperial capital of Lymphia falls to the barbarian invaders, and Vicena becomes the central province of the new Empire.

517 OY: Encouraged by the success of the Castanan revolt, Avanne follows suit. As the barbarians continue to hound the crumbling eastern empire, there are precious few resources to stem the tide of revolution. Avanne promises to assist the empire in its war in exchange for independence.

559 OY: The wars come to an end as both sides reach their limits. The empire is now known as the Vicenan Empire, Lymphia having fallen fifty years ago. The once-proud empire is left with only a fraction of its former land.

570 OY: The Vesperan Church is formally established in Castana, and the open training of mages begins. With the empire weakened, and Castana firmly behind the Vesperans, the Orienite Church can do little to combat it.

587 OY: Gibril ibn Jibral, the Masu-Sar of the military in the western colonies declares himself as the Sultan in the west, with the strength of the western forces behind him. He seeks to establish independence from eastern Kuredin. He establishes a military court in Apsu-Gar and sends word east that the western colonies are no longer a part of Kuredin.

588 OY: The War of the Western Colonies begins as Sultan Itzak ibn Badr sends the Kuredin military west to bring down Gibril ibn Jibral and his so-called court.

610 OY: The Kuredin forces finally defeat Gibril ibn Jibral and his army, once more claiming the western colonies as part of the Kuredin Sultanate. Work is began to strengthen the Sultanate's hold on the western lands.

644 OY: The northwestern colony of Shu-si is made an official Emirate of Kuredin as the Sultan's second eldest son, Emir Nadhif ibm Majeed, takes the throne in the capital city of Nan-Garu.

646 OY: The southwestern colony of A-Aba is made an official Emirite of Kuredin as the Sultan's third eldest son, Emir Kayim ibn Majeed, takes the throne in the capital city of Nin-Agal.

649 OY: Lumah is born in a small village on the border of Castana and Avanne.

650 OY: The western colony of Mahru is made an official Emirate of Kuredin as the Sultan's fourth eldest son, Emir Humair ibn Majeed, takes the throne in the capital city of Apsu-Gar.

663 OY: Lumah journeys to the Castanan capital of Oviedo, where he begins training in the Vesperan Church to become one of the Venae.

670 OY: Evran, Duke of Chalain, ascends to the throne of Avanne. The first strong king of Avanne, he manages to end the constant squabbling between the duchies and unite the country behind the throne for the first time since Avanne became an independent nation. He dies at the age of 71, leaving the throne to his son Evrard.

671 OY: As he fails his final testing, Lumah is cast out of the Vesperan priesthood. He will wander south into the Castanan desert and the Kuredin lands for twenty years.

690 OY: Emir Nadhif ibm Majeed, Emir of the Shu-si Emirate, dies at the age of 64 and control is passed to his eldest son, Fadl ibn Nadhif.

691 OY: Lumah is given the secrets of alchemy by the god Orien, and instructed to bring these teachings to the desert tribes of Kuredin. The Lumite faith is begun. His teachings begin in the northwestern Kuredin city of Nan-Garu.

704 OY - Lumah leaves the eastern Emirates of Kuredin and begins his travel east with a small group of new disciples. He stays among the desert tribes that will accept his presence and teaches them, spreading the Lumite faith into the Kuredin desert and finally offering the desert tribes and the city dwellers some common element to tie them together.

710 OY - Lumah leaves the Kuredin desert tribes and continues east with his disciples, making his final home in the city of Egish-Nugal. He remains here at the pleasure of His Majesty, Sultan Kaseem ibn Tammin, who becomes one of his most devoted students. His following grows and soon his disciples begin traveling to other parts of Kuredin, furthering the Lumite faith.

749 OY - Knowing that he will be in Kuredin for only a few year more Lumah establishes the Kalifite in Kuredin, naming Qaraj ibn Yasar the first Kalif of the Lumite faith.

753 OY/1 LY: His age extended past the typical span of man, Lumah journeys out of the Kuredin lands to return to Castana, seeking reconciliation with the goddess. Occasa returns to earth for the last time to gather the prophet back into her embrace, and she carries Lumah into the sky to place him as the brightest star. The return of the goddess is cataclysmic, resulting in a vast crater in the Castanan desert. The skies are darkened for a full week from the resulting explosion.

927 OY/175 LY: When King Elmundo de Inez dies without an heir to the throne his younger brother, Miquel, ascends the throne in Oviedo. Miquel is a recent convert to the Orienite faith, much to the dismay of his family. It leads to great concern among the Vesperan populace, who has lived with the security of a Vesperan king since Castana was granted its independence from Vicena.

928 OY/166 LY: King Miquel de Inez of Castana marries Graciela de Theodorez, a daughter of one of the more religious Orienite noble familes in Castana. Under her influence and that of her family, the Orienite Church begins to strengthen in Castana.

954 OY/192 LY: Diego, eldest son of King Miquel takes the throne when his father dies and as part of the coronation marries a young Vicenan noblewoman named Octavia , further establishing the Orienite faith in Castana. Construction on a new Cathedral of the Sun begins in Oviedo soon after the coronation.

955 OY/193 LY: Benedicto, the first child of Diego and Octavia de Inez is born.

968 OY/206 LY: Benedicto takes the throne of Castana and is crowned king at the tender age of 13. His mother, who rumor says she may have had a hand in killing her husband, becomes her son's closest councilor and it is through her influence that begins the true Orienite hold on Castana. Under Benedicto, and Octavia's, rule benefits are offered to those who convert to the Orienite faith.

995 OY/243 LY: Under a strong emperor for the first time in generations, Vicena regains control of a handful of the eastern provinces it had lost. The Empire begins to look westward again, to regain control of its former provinces of Avanne and Castana.

1002 OY/240 LY: On the advice of his counselors - all who happen to be Orienites - Benedicto begins what is now known as the Great Exile. A rift forms between the faiths, with the Orienite church and her followers growing increasingly richer while Vesperans and the Hoinari grow poorer. The Hoinari are cast out of the cities and surrounding lands completely, sending the majority of them south, into the desert. Those that refuse to leave are killed in mass executions in Cathedral Square.

1008 OY/246 LY: King Benedicto, Benedicto the Black, dies after forty years on the throne. His son, Profino, becomes the new king of Castana. He continues his father's work, making the lives of the Vesperans in Castana even worse while filling the coffers of the Orienite Church. Most freedoms for the Vesperans are stripped away and they are forced to pay higher taxes, further impoverishing the faith and her followers.

1015 OY/263 LY: Avanne cedes two eastern duchies to the Vicenan Empire as they begin their advance west.

1019 OY/ 267 LY: Benedicto II, known as Little Benedicto because of his short stature, takes the Castanan throne after his father, King Profino dies. He too is a loyal Orienite and continues where his father left off. Executions begin again in Cathedral Square at his command.

1021 OY/269 LY: As the Vicenan Empire prepares to invade Avanne, the Lumites cross the straits from Kuredin into southern Castana. The Lumite invaders quickly take the southern lands and begin to advance northward.

1022 OY/270 LY: Vicenan plans for the conquering of Avanne are put aside as they see the opportunity to destroy the weakened and heretical Castanan armies in the face of the Lumite invasion. Freak storms sink the majority of the Vicenan ships as they cross the sea, and the planned invasion of Castana is never begun. The Lumites take this as a sign of favor from the heavens and redouble their efforts in Castana.

1024 OY/272 LY: The Lumites reach Oviedo and complete their takeover of Castana. King Benedicto is killed in the fighting, as is his new wife and infant son, as are most of the Inez family. A few escape north into the mountains that separate Castana and Avanne.

1025 OY/273 LY: Attempting to cross the mountains into Avanne, the Lumite armies are thwarted by early snowstorms in the passes. Hundreds die and the remainder of the armies retreat into Castana. This will be the farthest the Lumites advance.

1026 OY/274 LY: The Kuredin establish a Sultanate in Castana and begin instituting their new policies and laws. Construction to repair and enhance the city begins immediately. Mahiir ibn Anver, the second son of Kuredin's Sultan Anver ibn Barak is named the Sultan of Castana. His court is established in Esharra, formerly known as Oviedo.

1049 OY/297 LY: Construction on the Grand Temple of the Lumite faith in Esharra is completed. It now dominates what was once Cathedral Square. The Cathedral of the Sun still remains, but the blood-soaked stones that formed the square are removed and replaced with a grand mosaic.

1055 OY/303 LY: The library and university of Castana are completed in Esharra, beginning an age of enlightenment in the Lumite controlled region.

1108 OY/356 LY: Prince Gerant, heir to the Avannais throne, is fostered at the Sultan's court in Esharra at the age of 18.

1111 OY/359 LY: Prince Gerant marries Countess Galienne de Ambraud.

1112 OY/360 LY: Prince Gerant ascends the throne after the death of his father.

1113 OY/361 LY: Prince Giraut, son of King Gerant and Queen Consort Galienne and the heir to the throne, is born.

1142 OY/393 LY: The current Sultan of Castana, Jamal ibn Shahir, takes the throne upon the abdication of his uncle, Umayr ibn Ifraan.

1156 OY/404 LY: Queen Consort Galienne dies.

1157 OY/405 LY: Prince Giraut ascends the throne after the death of his father, King Gerant.

1166 OY/417 LY: Faarooq ibn Husni ascends the throne as Sultan in Kuredin.

1175 OY/423 LY: King Giraut of Avanne dies at the age of 62. His only heir is the unborn child of his young wife, the Queen Consort Oriabel. Later that same year, during childbirth, both Oriabel and the child die, leaving the throne empty. Count Meuran de Gasal, head of the Gesarien City Guard, is named regent until such time as the succession can be decided.